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From June 14-16, 2023, FBIF Food Innovation Exhibition will be held in Shenzhen International Holdings International Convention and Exhibition Center (Bao'an). The theme of this 2023 FBIF is "Remaking Miracle". As a high-quality supplier in the field of health equipment, Shanghai Beyond Machinery Co., Ltd. presents itself with a new and exciting appearance, bringing innovative products and advanced technology together with new and old customers to embark on a journey of health. Brand introduction Benyou Machinery has been focusing on the field of health equipment for 18 years, providing solutions for various food processing equipment for many leading enterprises both domestically and internationally. Its products cover the entire line of solutions for the dairy beverage industry, fruit and vegetable juice industry, comprehensive food industry, biological fermentation/pharmaceutical industry, and other industries. This year's FBIF has made a significant comeback, and Benyou, along with its self-developed and manufactured new automated laboratory equipment, has made a brilliant appearance. At the exhibition, we will exchange cutting-edge new products and technologies in the food industry with outstanding peers at home and abroad. Exhibition site FBIF's 2023 comeback was an unprecedented event. During the construction period, there was a surge of people on site. The Beyond team, with its professional technical advantages and high-end product performance, has attracted numerous companies in the beverage industry to stop and consult. The exhibitors in front of the Benyou Machinery booth are endless, and everyone actively comes to negotiate cooperation. The Beyond team comprehensively explains to customers innovative technologies and solutions in the field of health equipment, such as dairy beverages, fruit juice and wine, and plant-based products. Based on the actual situation of customers, it elaborates on the characteristics, applications, systems, and services of Benyou's innovative equipment, providing customers with a flexible exhibition experience in various forms. The Benyou team empowers food and beverage enterprises, enhances their core competitiveness in the digital economy environment, and provides professional suggestions and solutions for customers regarding equipment characteristics and usage. The innovative products have received high recognition and praise from customers. Through face-to-face communication with professionals from all walks of life, learning through discussion, injecting new impetus into product development and innovation.

On June 4, 2023, the 29th Annual Conference of China Dairy Industry Association and the 2023 China (International) Dairy Technology Expo were grandly held at the Nanchang Greenland International Expo Center! Shanghai Beyond Machinery Co., Ltd., as a high-quality exhibitor, once again presents itself with a brand new and exciting appearance. Heavyweight product, stunning debut At this Dairy Technology Expo, we brought new products such as direct injection sterilizer, vacuum mixer, vacuum emulsification machine, melting pot, experimental production line, as well as key equipment such as blanching stretching molding machine and spray drying tower model to the Expo. During the exhibition, relying on our professional technical advantages and high-end product performance, we attracted numerous customers and industry insiders to stop and consult. The exhibition site was filled with people, and our staff always warmly introduced our products and technical advantages to the exhibition audience. Faced with customer inquiries, the staff patiently answered and provided professional advice and solutions, and the innovative products received high recognition and praise from customers. Through face-to-face communication with professionals from all walks of life, learning through discussion, injecting new impetus into product development and innovation. China's dairy industry has entered a stage of high-quality development. In the future, Beyond Machinery will continue to pursue innovation, control quality, guide market demand, and always provide high-quality products and services to repay customer support Thank you to every customer for their trust. Your satisfaction is the greatest affirmation of our efforts.

Beyond Machinery's various dairy products, juice, and plant extraction production line Product manual Beyond Mechanical Bone and Meat Deep Processing Complete Set Production Line Product manual Beyond Machinery Biological Fermentation and Pharmaceutical Complete Equipment Product manual Beyond Machinery High Fat and High Protein Core Equipment Product manual Beyond Machinery's various dairy products, juice, and tea beverage production equipment Product manual Beyond Machinery's complete set of production line for deep processing of various fruits and vegetables Product manual Beyond Mechanical Evaporator series Product manual Beyond Machinery Various Cheese Production Lines Product manual Beyond Machinery Fully Automatic Experimental Production Line Product manual

The organization of small factories for modern milk processing and dairy product production is roughly the same as that of large factories. So, why should a small farm enter this complex field? This is simple: the farther away you are, the lower the profit from selling raw milk. What is a milk factory? Strangely, the concept of a dairy factory is quite vague. Mini factories are usually organized on their own farms, with a free space underneath. Although the space is small, it is clean, with electricity and water, and most importantly, insulated and heated. A medium-sized and large enterprise can already afford not to put cows aside, but to purchase raw materials from brave individuals who still provide almost free milk, or from those who sell surplus milk. Some companies also concentrate most of their dairy factories on concentrated milk. If you need a very small factory, that is, installed in a warm shed corner, you can purchase and assemble it within a week. If we plan to start two or three processing lines in small factories, there will be more work; We need a project and a detailed business plan. In order to put the ideas in the business plan into practice and organize all processes wisely, please hire professionals to create a turnkey factory. Choose an organization with a portfolio of projects that have been successfully implemented and operated to date. They will go to your farm or the land you rent, select suitable processing lines, purchase or manufacture equipment for them, install, install, and operate. Usually, such a small factory will be established quickly, and the time from submitting an application to the relevant company to fully putting the production line into operation can be as long as two months. Main fixed equipment of the milk processing line: Ice water generator; Cooling box; Pasteurization cooling device; The fat content under milk is 2.5% - used for storing and calming milk, and then bottled; Milk capacity with a fat content of 3.5% - similar storage tanks used for storing and calming milk, and then bottling; Separators - separating fats (cream) and trans fats (skimmed milk); Homogenizer - decomposes fat globules to homogenize milk; Butter manufacturer - mixing butter onto butter; Long Pasteurization Bath - Cream ripens before entering the oil press, or during the production of sour cream, sour cream, or other yogurt products; There are various types of water vapor in the bathtub, News truck - here, serum is extracted from white cheese; Automatic packaging machine for sour cream and white cheese; Automatic packaging machine for milk and yogurt; Cheese producers - Cheese production equipment; Air compressor. Beyond Machinery specializes in designing and manufacturing a complete set of milk and dairy processing production lines. With our rich experience and advanced technology, customers can quickly establish market advantages and contact us immediately to obtain the latest milk processing factory design plan and quotation. Where does milk come from Generally speaking, small-scale dairy farms are organized on farms that already have cows, goats, or sheep. If you don't have milk, you need to arrange delivery, which requires the supplier. If you are satisfied with the quality of milk (fat, protein, and purity) from nearby farms or agricultural companies, please sign a permanent supply agreement/contract with them. Habitually checking the quality of raw materials: In order to produce good products with stable performance (which is required by the market), each batch of products must be sent to the laboratory. It's best to buy your own milk analyzer, it will be much cheaper. Think about it, will you have enough raw milk or do you need to buy milk powder? The possibility of adding milk powder to raw milk can affect the design of the equipment - therefore, this issue is considered during the factory design phase in order to immediately integrate the milk powder recycling machine into the production line. Discuss suppliers of other product ingredients: enzymes, additives, sugar, jam, if you want to produce yogurt or sweet cheese with filling. Milk can quickly spoil, so it must be transported from the milking farm to the processing plant as soon as possible. Milk is transported in a special tanker, so you must pay the cost of purchasing a vehicle for transporting the raw materials. This small factory works 24 hours a day, usually transporting raw materials twice a day in the morning and evening. Yogurt oil, yogurt, and other yogurt products that require observation mature at night. According to the size of the enterprise, a three shift system must be implemented, including technicians, laboratory technicians, craftsmen, and workers. Marking, sales, and transportation The national standards for milk and dairy products are the highest. The quality of raw materials is constrained by existing regulatory documents, and milk is considered a processing material. A dairy product labeling system must be added, otherwise production and sales activities cannot be carried out. Perform advanced electronic signature on the organization leader, install electronic signature software, and register in the monitoring system. The transportation of raw materials to the factory and the buyer also have requirements, and the tank and refrigerated box must be intact and clean inside and outside the container. The product packaging meets industry requirements. The delivery time is in the morning, which is clearly related to the short storage time of milk and dairy products. Before the establishment of the company, it is very important to understand the market and the products that are lacking in your region: this will help you find direction in the product range. The pre established product sales plan will accelerate production and achieve profitability. Usually, restaurants, cafes, and small shops purchase milk and dairy products. You can try selling your products in the market or organizing your own store during the production process. How much does entrepreneurship and monthly expenses cost To establish a fixed or modular small factory that can process around 1000 liters of raw milk per shift requires a significant investment (depending on equipment selection and shipping costs, etc.). Most of the funds will be used for enterprise design, equipment procurement, installation, and engineering construction. Think about it: Do you have a great heating chamber, or do you need to build a new one? Would you choose simple equipment or purchase standard modular projects from equipment already insulated in the winter exhibition hall? Staffing required; The number of them depends on the equipment purchased and the range of products, but in any case, two shift work are expected to work. Be sure to find a cleaner. Monthly expenses used to pay for utilities, employee labor, and recurring expenses, including the cost of transporting products to sales locations, can reach up to $20000. The investment at the start of the project must be recovered within one year or one and a half. Business status If you want to produce dairy products in your mini factory, professionals suggest that you register a limited liability company. This legal form has its advantages: a limited liability company must have legal capital, which will become a guarantee for investors, especially if you start business from scratch. The debt of a limited liability company only incurs losses within the statutory share of capital. The more employees, the more attractive the tax reduction becomes. Therefore, all insurance premiums paid for oneself and employees can be recorded as expenses, thereby reducing tax expenses. Beyond Machinery specializes in the design and manufacturing of milk processing production lines, with rich experience and advanced technology in different markets. We can customize milk processing production lines according to customers' actual needs. Contact us immediately to obtain professional milk processing line solutions and quotations.

Advantages of Benyou Machinery For small factories and farms, Benyou Machinery provides high-tech equipment for purchasing and processing milk and various dairy products at the factory's price. We will provide a complete set of turnkey installation services to ensure the factory's price and provide high-quality solutions. Characteristics of milk and dairy product processing lines A wide range of performance options for milk processing lines. The modular production line in the food workshop can process 300 to 40000 kilograms of milk per day. The dairy factory is equipped with equipment or modules for receiving raw materials, milk powder recycling, heat treatment, and mechanical processing in storage boxes or water tanks, as well as packaging, bottles, packaging, or cups. In addition, it is equipped with dairy production equipment - cheese, yogurt, etc. In order to store finished products, the production line is equipped with a refrigeration room. Equipment List for Milk and Dairy Products Processing Line Modern milk processing lines include the following types of technical equipment: Milk can. Loading, filling, and cleaning lines. Continuous pasteurizer. Self purification centrifugal pasteurizer. Normalization of milk and cream. Milk homogenizer. Transportation lines. Pasteurized milk storage tanks. Mature containers for dairy products - yogurt, cheese, sour cream. Dairy filling line. Pump and uniform mixer. Milk processing equipment. Workshop packaging system and other equipment. Types of dairy products in milk and dairy processing lines Through the provided processing line, various dairy products can be produced: Standardized pasteurized milk processed with special equipment. Dairy products obtained through processing of main products - yogurt, cheese, dairy products. Different types of yogurt. Butter and sour cream. On the basis of serum and various beverages. After cheese and curd, as well as other products, supplement the production line appropriately. Please contact us immediately to order the most advanced equipment for the delivery and turnkey installation of the milk processing line. We will provide comprehensive solutions based on your business development plan. The processing stage of milk and dairy product processing lines 1. Receiving and cleaning of milk machinery. 2. Pasteurization is carried out on special equipment through heat treatment. 3. By processing in the separator normalizer, the product is normalized according to the milk fat ratio. 4. Separate butter and skim milk using a separation line. Some butter can be used to produce 5. Sour cream, while others can be used to produce butter. 6. Obtain uniform products through homogenization. 7. Disinfection and packaging. 8. Obtain various heat treated yogurt products. Debugging of milk and dairy product processing lines 1. Study the installation location of the post-processing line. 2. Develop equipment location plans. 3. Delivery and assembly of milk processing systems. 4. Install a dairy production line that meets all applicable standards. 5. On site and comprehensive testing of modules and the entire complex equipment. 6. Set up, initiate, and deliver objects to customers. Reasons for choosing Benyou Machinery 1. Only modern and high-quality milk processing equipment from world leading manufacturers. 2. Strictly comply with legal regulations and requirements. 3. Years of experience in processing line development and installation, including dairy products. 4. We provide a complete set of turnkey services for the delivery, installation, and commissioning of equipment. 5. The price of the factory and a wide range of solutions to meet any technical and economic requirements. Please contact us immediately to understand the cost of the milk primary processing and dairy product production equipment you need, such as a 3000 liter or 10000 liter milk and dairy product processing line. We will provide a professional design solution and factory quotation in the shortest possible time!

There are farms of different sizes around the world, and for small farms, they can also have their own milk processing lines. The new production methods will enable farm operators to truly and quickly make money, thereby rapidly changing their production methods and lifestyles. Linna from Kazakhstan has 140 cows and produced 500 tons of milk last year. Her milk processing line includes 6 milk processing modules. Her milk processing plant has been built on top of an abandoned meat factory, which was previously used for meat processing. Therefore, there is an existing sewage treatment and water supply network, power transmission lines, and so on, which saves a lot of investment. The mini milk processing line is designed to process 4 tons of milk per day, and its milk capacity is currently only 2000 liters. However, the 50 farmers operating in the region have expressed their willingness to hand over fresh milk to Linna's milk processing plant, and it is expected that her milk processing line will further increase production. Linna said, "We not only work hard for ourselves, but also bring hope for more farmers to increase their income. For example, I am currently processing 5 barrels of milk at 14 rubles per liter and allowing them to receive money immediately. I hope to have greater milk production capacity.In addition to packaged milk, the factory will also produce white cheese, sour cream, and butter. Linna has received many dairy order calls now, and her customers highly recognize her various dairy products. Linna pointed out that due to the national subsidies provided by the Ministry of Agricultural Sales and the Ministry of Economic Development, Linna will receive her first huge loan. She also received a startup subsidy. After receiving the funds, they immediately invested in the business - expanding the farm and mechanizing the production process. Everything on the farm has been automated. The entire work is managed by four people. Beyond Machinery provides a complete set of milk processing line solutions, which can design and manufacture milk processing lines according to customer needs. Our rich experience and advanced technology can help different types of customers succeed in their markets. Contact us now to obtain the latest information and prices of milk processing equipment.

This year's Canton Fair has the largest exhibition area and the largest number of exhibitors in history, with a total exhibition area of 1.5 million square meters and nearly 70000 booths. Purchasers from 226 countries and regions have registered online and offline to participate, and 47 business institutions from Asia, Europe, the Americas, Africa, and Oceania have organized groups to attend. This time, Beyond Machinery made its debut at the Canton Fair with the latest developed equipment, which not only represents a comprehensive promotion of products manufactured with craftsmanship, but also represents that domestic high-end mechanical equipment is entering the international market. Exciting Moments of the Canton Fair Beyond Machinery focuses on the development of its main business, promotes innovation in management mechanisms, and provides a series of products covering dairy processing lines, fruit and vegetable processing lines, pet food processing lines, biopharmaceutical processing lines, etc. to global customers, becoming a common choice for customers from different regions around the world! The large-scale production base of Beyond Machinery is located in Xuzhou High tech Development Zone, Jiangsu Province, with a registered capital of 66.68 million yuan and an area of nearly 100000 square meters. With over 400 employees, it is a specialized technology development oriented machinery manufacturing enterprise focused on the field of health equipment. We specialize in the design, manufacturing, and installation of turnkey projects for fruit and vegetable pre-treatment, dairy products, beverages, jam, purified water, meat and bone processing, egg processing, pet food, specialty medical food, alcohol processing, as well as biopharmaceutical and fine chemical production lines. After years of development, Beyond Machinery now has a marketing network both domestically and internationally, providing specialized products and services to different countries and regions around the world. It is highly favored by users and has become a leading force for China's intelligent manufacturing to go global! Beyond Machinery is taking advantage of the "New Blue Ocean" market and continuously breaking new highs in its export business! In order to create a differentiated competitive advantage, Beyond Machinery plans to layout and build a large machinery manufacturing base and an industry-leading research and development and process design laboratory. In the "the Belt and Road" development strategy, we focus on the global market, practice the development concept of "going in", make full use of the cooperation advantages in technology, manufacturing, reputation and other aspects, and achieve mutual benefit and common growth with customers.

Long awaited, grand opening. On April 7-9, 2023, the "CBST2021/CBST2023 China International Beverage Industry Technology Exhibition" hosted by the China Beverage Industry Association was grandly opened at the Shanghai New International Expo Center. As an excellent exhibitor in the field of health equipment, BEYOND Machinery has participated in the exhibition as scheduled. Booth number 2A02. BEYOND Machinery brings innovative products and advanced technology together with new and old customers to share new opportunities for cooperation and development in the beverage industry. BEYOND Machinery has been focusing on the field of health equipment for 18 years, including many leading domestic and foreign enterprises choosing BEYOND to provide pre-treatment equipment solutions. This exhibition brings multiple mechanical equipment with independent intellectual property rights to the exhibition, looking forward to shining more sparks with you in the beverage industry! Exhibition scene At this CBST exhibition, the BEYOND team comprehensively explained to customers various innovative technologies and solutions in the field of health equipment, such as dairy beverage production lines, juice processing lines, and biological fermentation production lines, empowering food and beverage enterprises to enhance their core competitiveness in the digital economy environment and win greater success! At the same time as the exhibition, we also demonstrated the principle and internal structure of the equipment to customers in the form of animations, cooperated with professional explanations, and combined with on-site engineering cases to provide customers with a flexible viewing experience in various forms. BEYOND Machinery appeared at the exhibition and received widespread attention from many enterprises in the beverage industry. Everyone actively came to negotiate cooperation. BEYOND's professional technical and sales team provided detailed explanations to customers regarding equipment characteristics and usage issues.

On March 15, 2023, the 26th China International Food Additives and Ingredients Exhibition and the 32nd National Food Additives Production and Application Technology Exhibition (FIC2023) was grandly held at the Shanghai National Convention and Exhibition Center. As a high-quality exhibitor, Shanghai BEYOND Machinery Co., Ltd. presented itself with a new and splendid appearance once again. Best Equipment For many years, BEYOND Machinery has been focusing on the field of health equipment, with products covering the entire line of solutions for the dairy beverage industry, fruit and vegetable juice industry, composite seasoning industry, comprehensive food industry, biological fermentation industry, and other industries. As a permanent exhibitor of FIC, BEYOND has made a brilliant debut with its independently developed and manufactured new automation equipment. At the exhibition, we will jointly demonstrate cutting-edge products and technologies at home and abroad with outstanding peers at home and abroad, reflecting industry development trends. The fully automatic experimental production line mainly consists of a hot water tank, a chemical material system, a sterilization system, a homogenizer, a fermentation system, a sterile filling machine, an operating platform, and a fully automatic PLC control system. When applied to steam free boilers and anhydrous treatment, laboratory equipment can be installed and used for small drinks, fermentation, sterilization, and filling. Processing capacity: 20L/H, 50L/H, 100L/H, mainly used for beverage formula testing - beverage ingredients, sterilization, sterile filling; Yogurt high-temperature short-term fermentation test (viable) - ingredients, sterilization, fermentation, cooling, filling, storage at 0-5 ℃; Pure preparation or preparation of sterilized lactobacillus beverage after fermentation: ingredients, sterilization and filling; Experiment on the fermentation of fruit and vegetable juice and the preparation of sterilization beverage after fermentation. The new pressure spray drying tower with upper exhaust air is a system device with upper inlet air, upper exhaust air, wide tower body, pressure type, fog drop primary polymerization, fine powder secondary polymerization, built-in fluidized bed and external vibrating fluidized bed, and low temperature auxiliary drying and cooling functions. It is widely used for spray drying of powder products made of solutions, suspensions and other liquids containing dry matter. It is used in various fields such as milk powder, soybean powder, special medical food, additives, biology, pharmacy, chemical industry, etc. The multi-effect and multi-process falling film evaporator is a falling film multi-effect and multi-process evaporator unit that can preheat, sterilize, and concentrate materials to reduce the moisture content in the materials, thereby increasing the concentration of the materials. It is widely used for low-temperature concentration of liquid materials in milk powder, soybean milk powder, special medical food, biology, pharmacy, chemical industry and other industries. Exhibition scene FIC2023 is returning with an unprecedented scene, and there is an endless stream of exhibitors in front of the BEYOND Machinery Booth. Our energetic sales team and company staff have always received every customer with the fullest enthusiasm! The BEYOND team will elaborate on the equipment features, applications, systems, and services of BEYOND's innovation based on the actual situation of the customer. Our sales team provided detailed explanations to customers regarding equipment features and usage issues.

Inlet and outlet pressure display; Pipeline feeding mode for CIP cleaning; Double plunger design, with RE-type ceramic homogenizing valve material; Two-stage homogenization valve, adjustable pressure range: 0-600 bar; Hand wheelfor manual adjustment of homogenization pressure, with pressure continuous adjust- Continuous feeding, with standard processing capacity 20L/h or 50L/h optional; Pressure range 20-60MPa optional; Compression head made of high-quality, high-strength, and corrosion-resistant SAF2507; Double phase stainless steel; Sanitary diaphragm pressure gauge with high-precision digital display; Specially designed solid ceramic plunger, equipped with special seals and sealing gaskets, nolubrication required; Including Buffer PT-100 temperature sensor Pressure display Pressure protective type manual relief valve with forced opening handle

Integrated design, compact,Save space, small in size, can move flexibly; The equipment system has a built-in hot water generator and can be connected to post-homogenization and aseptic fillig as needed; lt can record various data and implement printing,online recording, downloading, generate curve analysis and permanently save the data. It can meet the requirerments of various small-scale experiments with a minimum feeding amount of around 20 kg. The copplete experimental data reordin is conducive to guidig pilot and large-scale producton, as well a it can be usedfor small-scale proessig and teachine purposc. High degree of automation, simple operation, easy to master; Low requirements for public energy configuration. Thesterilizaion emperaure is srictly contolled NWien sterilizaion tempernture is lower than th set lower limt,th timer will stop counting and reset to strictly ensure the steri-ization effects of equipment. . ●indicates the presence of the configuration; o indigates the absence of the configuration; ln ordr to beter met customer needs, BEYOND contimuously conductsresearch and deveopment and improvement on the equipment. Some confgurations and specificationsof the models sold in the market may differ from this configuration table. Please refer to the actual machine for specific details. This configuration table is effective as since February 2023.

The small trial line mainly includes hot water tank, ingredients dissolving system,sterilization system, homogenizer, fermentation system, aseptic filling machine,operation platform, and automatic PLC control system. When the system is used insteam -free boilers and water -free treatment, the experimental equipment forsmall-scale beverages, fermentation, sterilization, and filling. It is mainly used forbeverage formula test -beverage ingredients, sterilization, and aseptic filling. Hightemperature and short-time fermentation test on yogurt (probiotic)———ingredi-ents, sterilization, fermentation, cooling,filling, 0-5°C storage.Pure blending orsterilized lactobacillus drinks after fermentation: ingredients, sterilization, filling;live bacterial beverages fermented series from fruit and vegetable juice, experi-ments on blended and sterilized drinks after fermentation. The system is equippedwith the host: triplet ingredient processing system ——the top high -speed sheardissolving tank and the discharge system; the hot water tank and water supply,circulation system; fermentation tank system; sterilization, homogenization, fillingsystem - working table for aseptic filling, micro homogenizer, experimental steril-ization machine; peripheral power system -- one set of compressed air system, oneset of ice water; one set of controller record system; processing capacity: 20L/H.50L/H.100L/H. Beverage formula, process, and flavor testing: ingredients, sterilization, homog-enization process test, aseptic filling at room temperature, product shelf life forhigh temperature filling product, taste test, etc. According to research and devel-opment requirements to determine the order of ingredients, temperature, stirringemulsification time, flavor test after proportioning ingredients. Determinehomogenization temperature, pressure, sterilization temperature, time, fillingtemperature and subsequent processing mode etc.; Clean the dosing tank andproduct discharge pipe before use; Necessary cleaning and disinfection arecarried on sterilization machine and filling machine; control the dosing processand temperature of the ingredients; necessary records and monitors on productsterilization and filling; Testing machine for probiotic drinks fermented from yogurt, fruit and vegetablejuices: according to the research and development requirements to determine thelist of ingredients, prepare strains, etc.Carry out washing and disinfection ofingredients dosing tank, fermentation tank, sterilization machine.Perform ingre-dients dosing -- feed the fermentation tank + sterilization treatment of ingredi-ents at 95-98°C for 300S; feed - inoculating strain -- insulated or non-insulatedfermentation + self-circulated cleaning of the ingredient dosing tank -- disinfectthe product discharge pipe + cooling to end fermentation -- filling + refrigera-tion; Testing machine for non-probiotic drinks fermented from yogurt, fruit and vegetable juices: mix thefermented raw materials and other auxiliary materials for batching - wash and clean sterile sterilizer andfilling room before use - sterilization and filling.